Benjamin Banneker, one of the most brilliant minds in early American history:
Who Was Benjamin Banneker?
Benjamin Banneker (1731–1806) was a self-taught African-American mathematician, astronomer, inventor, and almanac author. He was born in Baltimore County, Maryland, to a free Black mother and formerly enslaved father.
Major Contributions
1. Almanacs & Astronomy
- Banneker published a series of widely respected almanacs from 1792 to 1797.
- These included weather forecasts, astronomical data, and tide tables, all calculated by him.
- His predictions were so accurate that he gained national attention and admiration from scientists and intellectuals.
2. Built a Wooden Clock
- At age 21, he built an entirely wooden clock after studying a pocket watch.
- It kept precise time and worked for over 50 years, reportedly until his death.
3. Worked on Washington, D.C.
- Banneker was hired to assist in surveying the land that would become Washington, D.C.
- After the lead architect, Pierre L’Enfant, abruptly quit and took his plans, Banneker recreated the city layout from memory, helping preserve the project.
Letter to Thomas Jefferson
- In 1791, Banneker wrote a powerful letter to Thomas Jefferson, urging him to recognize the hypocrisy of slavery in a country founded on liberty.
- Jefferson responded, acknowledging Banneker’s intellect and even forwarded the letter to the French Academy of Sciences as evidence of African-American capability.
Legacy
- Banneker is remembered as a symbol of Black excellence, self-education, and resistance to racial injustice.
- Schools, parks, and even a crater on the Moon are named in his honor.
